Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov
A Short Biography of the
Russian Gun Designer
Mikhail
Timofeevich Kalashnikov was born on
November 10, 1919, in the village of Kurya, Altai Territory, to a
large peasant family. After finishing the 9-th form of a secondary
school M T. Kalashnikov went to work in the Matai depot as an
apprentice and was subsequently a technical clerk in the employ of a
Turkistan-Siberian railway department. In 1938 M T. Kalashnikov was
called up for Red Army, served in a special military region in Kiev,
there he finished the tank mechanical school.
During the service in army he devised an inertia revolution counter
to register the number of actual shots from a tank gun, made a special
appliance for the "TT" pistol to enhance fire effectiveness through
tank turret slits and designed a tank running time meter.
In June, 1941 Mikhail Timofeevitch with his last invention was
directed by the Commander-in-Chief general G.K. Zhukov to Leningrad to
implement his recent invention. With the beginning of The Great
Patriotic War senior sergeant M T. Kalashnikov participated in battles
with fascists as a commander of the tank. In October, 1941 in fierce
battles under Bryansk he was heavily wounded and shell-shocked. While
in hospital, Mikhail Timofeevitch conceived the idea of a submachine
gun. Later while on a six-month sick leave he arrived at the station
Matai. He carried out his idea in depot's workshops with the help of
the leadership and comrades. When the submachine gun was ready M T.
Kalashnikov was directed to Moscow Aviation Institute, which had been
evacuated to Alma-Ata.
In June, 1942 the second model of a Kalashnikov submachine gun was
developed in workshops of the institute. This very model was sent for
a reference to Dzerzhinsky Ordnance Academy. The outstanding soviet
scientist in the field of shooting arms A. A. Blagonravov took an
interest in the Kalashnikov submachine gun. Though he didn't recommend
the submachine gun for service, the talent of the inventor,
originality in the decision of a lot of technical questions were
highly estimated by him and as a result Blagonravov made everything to
direct the self-taught-designer to study. Since 1942 M. T. Kalashnikov
served in Central Research Small Arms Range of the Main Ordnance
Directorate of the Red Army.
In 1944 Kalashnikov developed an experimental model of the
self-loading carbine, it's main units became the base for a creation
of a new submachine gun in 1946 which gained a brilliant victory in
difficult competitive tests. In 1949 after completion the automatic
device was adopted by the Soviet Army, and senior sergeant M.T.
Kalashnikov was awarded by the Stalin Price First Class.
Since 1949 Mikhail Timofeevitch has been living and working in
Izhevsk. He went through a way from a self-taught-inventor up to the
General Designer of small arms in the Soviet Army.
A range of the unified models of automatic small arms developed by
Kalashnikov was adopted by the Soviet Army in 1950.
The Government highly estimated M. T. Kalashnikov's services to the
country. He was twice honored as Hero of Socialist Labor (1958 and
1976) and became Stalin Prize (1949) and Lenin Prize (1964) laureate.
In 1969 he was given the rank of Colonel and in 1971 awarded degree of
Doctor of engineering science. M. T. Kalashnikov was decorated with
three Orders of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner of Labor, Order of the
Great Patriotic War of the First Class, Order of the Red Star and many
medals.
Since 1980 M. T. Kalashnikov has been a citizen of honor in his
native village of Kurya. His bronze bust was placed there as he was
twice awarded Hero of Socialist Labor. In 1987 he became a honorable
citizen of Izhevsk.
The President of Russia B.N. Eltsin personally decorated the
outstanding designer M. T. Kalashnikov with the Order "For
Distinguished Services for the Motherland" Second Class and promoted
him to Major-General to his 75th anniversary.
The submachine guns of the Kalashnikov system are widespread all
over the world. Some countries have included its image in the State
Emblem. Under the items of information available in the literature to
the midst of 1990 there were made about 70 millions units of
Kalashnikov submachine guns of various modifications both in our
country and abroad including those made under license and practically
(till nowadays the invention has not been patented).
Since 1949 Mikhail Timofeevitch has been living and working in
Izhevsk. He went through a way from a self-taught-inventor up to the
General Designer of small arms in the Soviet Army.
A range of the unified models of automatic small arms developed by
Kalashnikov was adopted by the Soviet Army in 1950.
The Government highly estimated M. T. Kalashnikov's services to the
country. He was twice honored as Hero of Socialist Labor (1958 and
1976) and became Stalin Prize (1949) and Lenin Prize (1964) laureate.
In 1969 he was given the rank of Colonel and in 1971 awarded degree of
Doctor of engineering science. M. T. Kalashnikov was decorated with
three Orders of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner of Labor, Order of the
Great Patriotic War of the First Class, Order of the Red Star and many
medals.
Since 1980 M. T. Kalashnikov has been a citizen of honor in his
native village of Kurya. His bronze bust was placed there as he was
twice awarded Hero of Socialist Labor. In 1987 he became a honorable
citizen of Izhevsk.
The President of Russia B.N. Eltsin personally decorated the
outstanding designer M. T. Kalashnikov with the Order "For
Distinguished Services for the Motherland" Second Class and promoted
him to Major-General to his 75th anniversary.
The submachine guns of the Kalashnikov system are widespread all
over the world. Some countries have included its image in the State
Emblem. Under the items of information available in the literature to
the midst of 1990 there were made about 70 millions units of
Kalashnikov submachine guns of various modifications both in our
country and abroad including those made under license and practically
(till nowadays the invention has not been patented).
The cause of such great popularity of Kalashnikov submachine guns
is in fact that Mikhail Timofeevitch has achieved an optimum
combination of a number of qualities which provide the usage of guns
with high efficiency of application and exclusive reliability in
battles. |